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GEOTHERMAL BY-PRODUCTS

In addition to electricity production there are other valuable options to increase and maximize the revenues by the installation of additional facilities to produce some useful, environmental friendly and profitable investment items and byproducts. On the other hand, Enerjeo Kemaliye has already completed the planning stage and made investments for the implementation or extraction of the following items that are assumed as by-products of geothermal energy, namely;

  • CO2

    Geothermal power plants can meet the most stringent clean air standards. They emit low amount of carbon dioxide. With the installation of CO2 storage facility, CO2 released during the production process will be stored and zero emission goal shall be achieved. Furthermore, stored CO2 can be sold to be used in many industries namely, Mechanical Industry (Molding, cutting, welding), Electronics (Cleaning fluid), Dry washing (Cleaning fluid), Air conditioning (Fluid in circuits), Gaseous Drinks, Dry Ice Production, etc.

  • Green Hydrogen

    Green hydrogen is produced by using renewable energy to power the electrolysis of water. Grey and blue hydrogen are produced by processing the steam released by the combustion of natural gas. In the production of grey hydrogen CO2 is released, while it is captured in blue hydrogen. In addition, pink hydrogen is produced by electrolysis using nuclear energy, and yellow hydrogen is produced by electrolysis using solar energy. Green hydrogen has significantly lower carbon emissions than gray hydrogen. It can be used to decarbonize industries such as steel and cement production, thereby helping to limit climate change. Enerjeo plans to produce green hydrogen.

  • Urea Production

    When stored CO2 is combined with NH3 (ammonia) Urea is formed. Urea is a very valuable product which holds a huge demand in the market in agriculture.

  • Methanol Production

    If CO2 is combined with H2 (molecular hydrogen) Methanol is formed. Methanol (CH3OH) is a chemical building block for hundreds of everyday products, including plastics, paints, car parts and construction materials. Methanol is also used as a clean energy resource to fuel cars, trucks, buses, ships, fuel cells, boilers, etc.

  • Water Mining

    In a GPP, thousands of tons of geothermal brine is circulating and washing underground rocks and carrying various valuable elements throughout the production system. Gediz Graben has been historically rich in volcanic activities and the region is very rich in minerals, precious metals such as lithium, gold, silver, Platinum, Zinc, Magnesium, Copper, etc. and other rare earth elements. These valuable elements can be separated from the geothermal brine through the energy production process without affecting the original process parameters. This process is called water mining.

  • Greenhouse

    Hot geothermal brine from the system can be used to heat up Greenhouses and to maximize agricultural production. CO2 is also provided to greenhouse to boost plant productivity. Hot water and CO2 from geothermal system are key factors completely changing feasibility of a greenhouse project (shortening the investment payment period).

  • City Heating

    Excess heat energy released during the geothermal production cycle can be sold and used in nearby city heating.

  • Drying Vegetables and Fruits

    Hot geothermal brine can be used to heat the air and create a hot air flow where vegetables and fruits can be dried. Due to the huge amount of heat energy available, hundreds of tons of vegetables and fruits can be quickly dried with no extra energy cost.

  • Fish and Shrimp farming

    Hot geothermal brine is used to create a suitable hot water environment where fish and shrimps can be cultivated.

  • Thermal Tourism - Balneo therapy

    Hot geothermal brine can be used to create thermal tourism facilities. Minerals in geothermal brine are effective agents for healing.

  • Carbon Credits

    A carbon credit is a permit that allows the company that holds it to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases. In general, it is used to offset socially responsible entities carbon emissions and to become net zero CO2 entity. These carbon credits can be sold to interested purchasers including private enterprises and state owned organizations through a fixed commercial agreement or on the spot market at the prevailing market price which generates a cash inflow.