SEISMIC EXPLORATION
Seismic searches are a form of geophysical research that aims to measure the properties of the Earth through physics principles such as magnetic, electrical, gravitational, thermal and elastic theories.
Seismic research methods emerge from the radiation of seismic waves (signals) produced by any source. As seismic waves travel underground, they are reflected, refracted or scattered during changes in the environment that will create an acoustic impedance difference, and eventually return to the earth's surface. When they return to the Earth’s surface, they are detected by sensors called geophones and recorded in a seismic recording unit. With the principle of wave radiation, the center of the Earth can be examined, as well as the examination of a very small area of the Earth. It can be used to determine the parameters in the calculations of all kinds of engineering structures to be built on the ground, as well as to determine the richness of the underground.
The basic principle in seismic searches is that the amplitudes of the waves emitted from the energy source and their arrivals at the receivers against time are recorded as seismic reflection shooting points by a network of highly sensitive sensors placed on the surface. 2D and 3D imaging, made by analyzing these recorded data by means of special software on powerful computers, are used to help fully determine the existence of natural resources (thermal reserves) and to characterize their potential.
Seismic sections obtained from seismic explorations have higher sensitivity and discrimination power than those obtained from all other geophysical methods. For this reason, seismic searches have become the most common method in the world, using the most money, time and geophysicist sources. The healthiest and most accurate information about the structural condition and stratigraphy (layer structure) of the underground is obtained from a drilled well. However, the information obtained from the well is for a single point on the map and only in vertical direction. In order to carry this information from a single point to the entire map, the use of seismic method is a must.
